Playing with electricity

In the past couple weeks, I have had cause to play with electricity twice (and plan to do it one more time). The simple project was rewiring a Xmas snowflake. While easy, it was mind numbingly tedious. I got this big light-up snowflake that looked perfect hung over our front door roof. The second year, it still looked perfect, but there were a couple (non-replaceable) lights out. Then, I forgot to take it down... For 2 years. Needless to say, it looked terrible. The clear vinyl rope light that it was constructed with was now an opaque, yellowish brown color. None of the lights lit, even replacing the fuse. Well, I looked around for a replacement to no avail. Ideally, I wanted the same look in an LED device for the energy savings and long life. My sister found a giant LED snowflake at Target which looked nice and worked well enough, but it just wasn't the same. Well, since I never throw certain things away, I still had the old snowflake hanging around the attic. Well, I decided it was worth a shot to try to replace it. Here are the results:

Project number two has far less interest to the general public, but was a lot more fun and useful for me.Also, it was a nice learning experience which is always a plus. At 32 degrees, water freezes. In winter, temperatures are routinely at or below 32 degrees. All life (as we know it) needs water to live. Chickens are alive. Therefore, chickens need water which isn't frozen solid into a block of ice. More specifically, I paid $40 for a nice galvanized chicken waterer and I really don't want to to warp or break from freezing. Also, I don't want to have to deal with a frozen waterer when I'm trying to get out the door to work and whatnot. After a bunch of research, I decided I didn't want to pay the $60 for a heated waterer base. I picked up a water heater thermostat switch for $8 and a strand of C-7 Xmas lights for $6. Everything else I had on hand. Here is what I started with:

On the left is the water heater thermostat. It's a simple switching device. When desired the temperature (set by a small screw) is reached, the circuit is switched off. The middle is a piece of scrap wood with an outlet box nailed onto it. On the right is a large square cookie tin with a set of clear C-7 Xmas lights inside. Also included in the photo are my trusty quick wire strippers (much better than my teeth) and a standard power cord. Ideally, I would have liked to use a higher gauge 3-pronged plug, but I didn't want to destroy any of my long cords. I cut the outlet end off the cord. The white wire is wired to the white side of the outlet. The black wire (yes, it's a white cord, so both wires are white) runs to a screw on the thermostat switch. Another black wire jumps from the other screw on the thermostat to the black side of the outlet. The outlet was stuffed into the box, and the thermostat was attached to the piece of wood in an orientation so that it would read the temperature of the inside of the cookie tin instead of the surface or the air or the bottom. The lights were plugged into the outlet and the end of the cord was secured to the wood with wire staples. It was all stuffed inside the cookie tin and plugged in. It was then that I realized that I didn't buy a rubber grommet... Or drill a hole for the grommet... Or run the wires through the grommet / hole so I could close the box. Crap! Here it is at that stage:

 OK, well a few days later, I swung by the hardware store and got a box of grommets. I drilled a hole, unwired, rewired through the hole, realized I forgot to run the wire through the grommet, unwired again, rewired through the grommet AND the hole, set the grommet in the hole, arranged everything in the tin and plugged it in. It worked like a charm. I put the lid on and left it for a couple hours. Initially, I had it set at 90 degrees. Inside the box, it may have been 90, but it was barely even warm to the touch. I bumped it up to 125 and it seemed to be noticeably warm but not even close to hot. It seems to be working. I have had it out in the coop for the past week and yesterday it was 22 in the coop and the water was still liquid. I don't have a picture, of the finished product, but if you use your imagination, it looks like a cookie tin with an electrical cord hanging out the side.I think the next project is going to be a variation on this to warm up the coop a bit. It's not supposed to be 19 degrees here in early December and I really don't want my chickens to get frostbite. Supposedly, they can handle down to single digit temps just fine, but I don't want them to be miserable. Also, most importantly, I want them to be able to do their job (lay eggs). If it gets too cold for too long, they may slow down laying. I really don't want to pay to feed them if they aren't returning on my investment.

Gardening: What To Plant?

I have been thinking about next spring and gardening already. Most years I have so much going on that I don't think about it until January and then get an itchy trigger finger to start planting with cheap poor quality but expensive seeds. I'm rewarded with poor germination, slow, leggy growth and usually fungus or insect damage before they reach the outside air.

I have had pretty good luck with perennials and want to expand my flower gardens significantly so I know I want some of those. The only problem is I really want all of those. I'm not so much of a landscaper as I am a plant collector. My gardens typically end up with one or two of everything. Plants are too expensive so I get one, plant it and plan to divide it in a few years. So far, I haven't had to do much dividing, so that doesn't work out that well. There are a few favorites of mine which I don't have. Chief among them is oriental poppy. I don't know why, but I can't seem to get them to germinate. So I have a few plants to start, but I really want some unusual plants. Also, I need to find some more things that work in my front yard. That ideal poses a significant challenge because very little grows well in the deep shade of the North side of a house.

Moving on to the vegetables, I have had disappointing tomatoes since I move into this house. The first few years, blame fell mostly on the soil. I made new gardens directly in the ground which even had a hard time growing grass. The tomatoes were totally flavorless and few. I made a raised bed on top of one of the gardens and got decent flavor and production one year, but every year after that the weather has been highly uncooperative. We started getting a blight or two which are manageable unless you have cold, rainy years like we did last year. This year was almost a total loss. We had several problems but the biggest issue was that the fruit never ripened. It only started turning red when it started rotting on the vine.

Finally, I have been looking into forage for the chickens. I want at least 3 seasons of forage which I can plant, successively after the chickens decimate an area. I plan to double their run and then divide it with bird netting so I can replant.That way, they will always have an area of dirt to scratch and bathe in and an area of fresh foliage to eat. Looking at my options, it seems that I have taking on a somewhat challenging effort. There are mixes that I could get, but most are constructed for grazing animals. Right now, I'm leaning towards making my own mix, but that adds a whole lot more guess work into the equation. The area gets partial sun and is a moderate slope. Right now, I'm leaning towards a mix of clover, peas, mustard, and turnips. I might mix in some carrots and salad greens and possibly some mangel (which is apparently, a beet). I figure the partial sun will only be an issue for production of fruit, which isn't an issue if I plan to let the chickens decimate them in their vegetative growth stage.

So, what does all this come down to? Right now, I'm planning on installing the third raised bed to grow tomatoes. I'm hoping that will take care of the disease problems for at least one year. I'm thinking about solarizing one or both of the other beds to try to kill off some bad stuff. Finally, I'm going to have to put together a list of seeds to order from someplace that sells high quality seeds. Maybe I'll think about doing that in January.

Politics: Will RI Wake Up?

If I was a betting man, I would guess not. The residents of the state are all too happy to keep feeding at the trough. Meanwhile, the bill for the feast keeps being passed along to their children. Inevitably, the loan sharks will come looking for their money. Who do you think will pay it? The top of the economic food chain has already left. The upper middle class are on their way out now.

Actually, unless something changes, state bankruptcy and liquidation are in our future. When the rest of the world is back out of severe recession, we will still be limping along. I know nothing will really change after next week's election. Even if every elected position in the state goes as good as possible, we're still in for at least a decade or two of pain.

My only real hope is that Bob Healey will win the L.G. office. I would take that as a sign that the state isn't entirely lost. The position of L.G. in this state is a joke. Bob Healey is the only one who has the balls to say that.

Aside from Bob Healey, I really hope we don't end up with Linc Chafee as our Governor. I don't know if the man is clueless, a complete idiot or actually mentally handicapped. He really seems like all of the above, yet because of his last name, he has a pretty good chance of being our next Gov. How does one promise to raise taxes in the state with the highest taxes already? Even still, he's leading in the polls. The results of this election may cause us to seriously consider moving out of state.

Livestock: Chicken Thoughts

Winter is fast approaching. This has me considering how the chickens will fare in the coming winter. Generally, Rhode Island Reds are supposed to be pretty hardy. That said, the laws of nature still hold true in my yard, despite my best efforts. I've also got a two week vacation set squarely in the middle of winter which has me thinking of "automation." Lastly, I've been thinking forward to next spring and beyond.

Automation and winter go together. Partly, I can see water changes, feeding, etc. will be less than enjoyable at 20 degrees with high winds. Ideally, I would have a hopper feeder which can hold several weeks of food. Water is a huge concern for me. I've read stories of chickens dying from dehydration in a little more than a day. Plus, the engineer in me wants a level.of redundancy. Right now, I'm thinking of a heater under the existing waterer plus a heated dog dish plus some sort of coop heating. Then, I will have someone come by twice a day to check on them when I am away. Still, it would be nice to have a multi-day supply just in case. Maybe I'm making too big a deal of this.

Beyond water, I was thinking about automation of coop opening and closing. If I could automate the opening there would only be one daily task to offload, when needed.

Totally unrelated to winter, I've been thinking of the future. Specifically, I've been thinking about sustainability and forage management. The current plan is to shift around the run fencing to provide new forage while letting other areas regrow. I figure that I can rotate their run continuously so they have fresh greens all the time. In order to do that, I have to come up with a 3+ season pasture management plan which I can use on a 30'x15' area for 6 chickens. What was that about over thinking things?

Livestock: Chickens 1 Month To First Egg

The chicken prequel article took many words. The buying and first month posts took lots of words also. After that point, not much happens until they start laying eggs. They settled into their new home quite nicely. Their run is a slightly irregular rectangle about 10' x 15'. Before they moved into the area, that part of the yard was a compost pile, a potato bed, grass, chickweed and wild strawberries. After a month and a half, it was nothing but dirt. They didn't seem to care, although treats were much more appreciated once their run was bare.

My recent research shows that treats can be complex or simple. Mostly, we fed them anything that was leftover, not fatty and not salty. Fortunate for them, July to October are the best months to be a chicken (I would imagine). We fed them corn cobs, carrot tops, peas, weeds, and other miscellaneous things. One time, I fed them some leftover fish which they gobbled up. Common advice recommends that treats shouldn't make up more than 10-15% of their diet. I have no idea if that means by weight or by volume. For that matter, I don't even really know how much they eat by weight or by volume anyway. Despite being totally unsure of these metrics, I think I do a pretty good job of meeting that percentage. Basically, from what I have read and things that I read between the lines, you can give chickens pretty much anything in moderation. I try to keep their treats protein-rich so that I don't dilute their feed. Other than that, I don't really think about it.

So what else happens in the early life of a chicken? Not much other than growing. But boy do they grow! The biggest problem I had was dealing with their waterer. When I moved them to the coop, I got a big (expensive) galvanized waterer. Apparently, 5 of the chickens learned how to use the roost. One preferred to roost on the waterer. Every morning I had to swish out a bunch of chicken poop. Every evening I had to swish out a bunch of litter so they wouldn't have to go to bed thirsty. Eventually, that little lady learned that the roost was better and I haven't had problems since. It was pretty comical the first night she jumped to the roost. I closed them in for the night and saw 3 chickens heads in the window, where there were usually 2. She apparently decided that she wanted a window seat.

I suppose I said I only had one problem with the chickens, and technically, that's true. I did, however, have a problem for me, caused indirectly by the chickens. Chickens make a lot of poop. No problem, we compost kitchen scraps, so poop and litter will just give us more compost. Well, that's good in theory. My previous composting was a hands-off approach. I just kept piling things in. In spring, I would move all the uncomposted stuff from the top to the side and pull out all the good compost underneath. Initially, I was doing the same thing until the previously mentioned problem occurred. The problem was flies. We have always had occasional flies, but they never reached nuisance level until we got chickens. The problem was, even after I started turning and covering the compost, we already had a cycle of fly breeding going on. No matter what I did, I couldn't get rid of them until the weather cooled in Sept. I'm going to have to come up with a solution to prevent that next summer. Sitting on the deck became a frustrating experience.

One of the hardest parts of this period of time in chicken raising was the waiting. We got them for eggs. Sure, I didn't expect to have a break-even point happening quickly, but I couldn't help but wonder when they would start laying. The books said to make sure you have the nest box in place no later than 18 weeks. Well, that's something to do while I wait... Check! Well, it's at least fun watching the kids feed them weeds through the fence. Hmm, any eggs yet? Nope. How about now? Nope. When the *!$% are these things gonna lay eggs. The coop and the fencing and the chickens and the equipment and the litter and the feed just keep ticking red dollar signs in my head. Plus, the CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) eggs only run through the end of October. Maybe some internet searches will give me some better ideas about when they will lay.

Well, according to my research, chickens (generically speaking) start laying between 18 weeks and 1 year. Laying breeds usually start early and most sources consider Rhode Island Reds to be laying breeds. Most of the specific references to Rhode Island Reds which I found had people getting eggs right around the 5 month mark. Well, one morning, precisely 136 days after they were born, I went out to the coop to let them out into the run, refill their food and check their water. I was talking to my wife, who happened to be holding the baby. As I opened the coop door, there on the floor was a totally unexpected egg!!!

I suspect (OK, I agree with my wife's suggestion) that the egg was laid by a chicken on the roost. Apparently, we weren't the only ones surprised by the first egg. Every egg she laid after that has been in the nest box. Now, if only she would convince all her friends (sisters?) to join her in making our breakfast.

There's a lot of room in that carton.

Livestock: Chickens - Raising to 1 Month Old

Chickens grow fast. They have been specifically selected over generations to grow as fast as possible with as little food as possible. Within a very short time they go from cute and fluffy to this:
It should be obvious from this picture, but they are outside after only a month of living. At about 2 weeks, they started jumping up to the top of the waterer. The top of the waterer is almost precisely half way out of the fish tank that they were living in. A quick trip to the dollar store got me three cooling racks which fit perfectly over the top but still allowed for air circulation. That said, they were only going to get bigger.

As I mentioned in my previous chicken post, we cancelled the coop order. That means the race was on. I had to build a coop faster than the chickens grew. My wife took the kids out of town for the weekend and I started building. The big lessons learned? Building something square and true on a grass covered slope is an exercise in futility. I ended up with everything relatively square except the top, front is about 2 inches wider than the bottom front. The other lesson is that it's a pain in the ass to build a structure where the trim doubles as the structural framing. Consider how impossible it would be to build a house by tacking up the exterior trim tor itself and then filling in the walls from the inside. Needless to say, I got it done with much frustration and copious amounts of swearing. I think it turned out pretty nicely.



One thing to note, I didn't finish the nest box at this time. It's ideal if it's not accessible so that they don't think it's a good place to roost. Speaking of roosts, that was something else I didn't install. They wouldn't have been able to reach it at 1 month old and I wasn't quite sure of the configuration either.

Livestock: Chickens - Part 1 (Baby Chicks)

If you read my Chicken Origins post, you know why we now have chickens. That said, I now intend to explain how one goes about getting chickens, raising chickens, harvesting eggs from chickens with absolutely no experience. It all started with a book. Actually, I suppose it all started with 5 or 6 books. I personally liked Storey's Guide to Raising Chickens. My wife felt it was geared towards someone starting out in a commercial/farming venture but that was part of what I liked about it.

After devouring most of the books cover to cover, we considered our sources for chickens. Every bit of advice recommends not buying eggs and hatching them. Given my luck with starting seeds for the garden, this seems like good advice. Actually, I can't see ever trying to hatch eggs for anything other than meat birds. There is too much risk and variability. You could end up with 20 chickens or no chickens. We considered buying some pullets from the local county fair, but that would mean waiting until August (and like everything, we wanted them NOW!). We could try to find a local farm, but that seemed like more of an adventure than a process. Plus, there was the added risk of bringing in infected or infested chickens to our virgin yard. In the end, we decided to get day-old chicks. For what it's worth, I wouldn't have done it any other way. How adorable are day-old chicks? I think day-old ducks might be slightly cuter, but baby chicks are pretty freaking cute.

So, how does one get day-old chicks? Well, in our case we mail ordered them. My wife placed the order, so I have no idea what the hatchery is. She initially placed an order for a coop, nest boxes, and chickens from some place in Texas. They delayed the shipment for two weeks because the nest boxes were back-ordered or something. The order was promptly canceled. We didn't want to deal with an unreliable source. After my wife revealed that she didn't really like the coop we ordered anyway and she really liked one she saw on a website, it was resolved that I would build a coop. A new order was placed with the previously mentioned unknown hatchery for 5 day-old chicks. We really only wanted 3 or 4 chickens. Everything that we read said that it was quite common to have one chick die in shipping or shortly thereafter, so the minimum order of 5 seemed perfect. As it turns out, the hatchery must have read the same books, so they sent 6 instead of 5. Guess what? All 6 arrived safe and sound, happy as little, fluffy, yellow clams.

We decided to buy Rhode Island Reds. This was almost a given for many reasons. First, we wanted we wanted something that gave a decent quantity of eggs. Second, we wanted something with decent meat in case we found chicken raising unbearable. Rhode Island Reds are listed as dual-purpose breeds in most books so they fit the bill. Of course, it would almost be sacrilegious to have anything other than RI Reds in Rhode Island. Plus, they are touted as being friendly, peaceful birds which is a plus when you have two small children.

So, how does one receive live baby animals? Well, they are sent through the US mail. The post office calls you when they show up. You take an extended lunch break so your wife doesn't have to try to lug two kids to the post office to pick up live birds. Then, you consider not going back to work because they're just too freakin' cute. They came in a small but very heavy weight corrugated cardboard box with plenty of air holes. There was some stiff straw of some sorts pressed into the sides and bottom of the box. The experience at the post office was an interesting one. I told the guy that my wife got a call that they have our live birds. He goes in the back and after a couple minutes, I hear a faint, "Peep, peep, peep." It got louder and louder until he put the peeping box on the counter. It was certainly one of those moments when you are absolutely certain that everyone in the place is staring at you in either horror or amusement.

I drove home from the post office with said peeping box. We had their temporary home all set up for them. We decided to use an old 29 gallon fish tank with a layer of softwood shavings (covered by a paper towel for their first few days). They all drank right off the bat. After a few hours, they had even found the food. We had a 75 watt infrared bulb to keep them warm which we got at the pet store. We had that in a cheap clip-on reflector which we got from Home Depot. Taking the temp with a digital instant read thermometer, it was 92 degrees right under the light, tapering down to the low 80s at the far edge of the tank.

6 Baby Chickens Born June 1st 2010